As
auctions
don't
afford
prospective
buyers the
opportunity
to handle
books and
see the
condition
up close
for
themselves,
evaluating
condition
can be
difficult
at times,
particularly
if there
is
incomplete
or
inaccurate
information.
In order
to help
collectors,
in
addition
to the
book
grading
standards
below, I
have
provided
an
additional
page with
detailed
condition
checklists
in four
critical
areas to
help you
know what
to look
for in
assessing
the exact
condition
of a book.
I hope you
will find
these
useful, as
I make a
special
effort to
include
all valid
points in
my item
descriptions
providing
the most
detailed
information
possible.
Collectors
should be
wary of
listings
that
indicate
items that
are
"excellent
for its
age",
"good
considering
vintage", "very good condition considering its age", etc.
Terms such
as these
are
incomplete
and
inaccurate. Phrases such as these should be taken for what they
are -- a marketing ploy. Basically, they are grading a book
subjectively rather than objectively. A book should be graded
using a consistent and uniform standard without regard for whether
it was sold 100 years ago or yesterday.
Photographs ... worth a thousand
words ...
An item
should
always be
described
in full
detail
regardless
of age or
vintage as
these are
subjective
terms.
Grading
should be
an
objective,
unbiased
and
transparent
process. One of the best ways to accomplish this goal of
being fully objective is to let the photos speak for
themselves. In an ever-increasing online book
market, photographs are an essential part of any sales
listing. Why? Because, if properly taken,
photos remove all doubt of condition and give the
prospective buyer peace of mind and certainty of the
condition of what they are buying. This is
particularly important when dealing with less
experienced sellers who don't specialize in books and
are either unfamiliar with the grading process or
unwilling to learn.
Even with photographs,
online buyers need to exercise some caution. Most
online listings only provide one photograph, and
although with proper camera technique it is possible to
photograph most of the book or dustjacket with one
snapshot, most online photos do not show all angles of a
book. In such cases, it is essential for the
seller to clearly indicate any condition issues or
damage not clearly shown in the photograph(s).
The rule of
thumb is that there should be no unpleasant surprises,
or (conveniently) overlooked issues to disappoint the
buyer. Be wary of photographs that may omit damage
(i.e., a nice photo of the driver side of a car, but
none of the dent on the passenger side -- or a photo of
the front of an antique glass piece, but no photo of the
crack on the back of the piece, etc.). Any
potential buyer would obviously be disappointed when
buying online only to discover these omissions after the
fact when they open the mail. Conscientious
sellers should never put buyers in this position. |
Book Grading Standards
Below are
our grading
standards
for books.
Note that
standards
for comics
and
magazines
vary
somewhat.
Please
keep in
mind that
there is
no
de-facto
standard
among book
dealers &
collectors,
and
certainly
no
third-party
grading
services
as with
coins.
As such,
this opens
the door
for some
quite
subjective
leeway in
grading.
As a
numismatist,
I am very
conscious
of grading
and find
this
situation
in the
rare book
market
personally
troubling
at times.
I do my
best to be
a
conservative
grader and
be
completely
fair and
balanced,
often to
my own
detriment.
Keep in
mind that
the book
and
dustjacket
should
always be
graded
separately.
Again,
please
review my
general
grading
guidelines
below, but
more
importantly
review my
item
descriptions
and condition
checklists which I
use and
hope will
serve you
well also.
Grade |
10 Point Book Grading
Scale with Condition Details |
Mint (10)
/As
New
(MN) |
Reserved
exclusively
for
new
books,
fresh
off
the
press.
Absolutely
no
blemishes,
and
preferably
shrink-wrapped.
Note
that
most
new
books
from
the
bookstore
are
no
longer
mint,
as
they
often
shows
signs
of
handling.
|
Near
Mint (9)
/Very
Fine
(NM/VF) |
An
extremely
attractive
copy
with
great
eye
appeal.
Moderate
to
high
cover
gloss.
If
held
at
arms
length,
a
book
in
this
grade
would
appear
to
be
flawless
at
first
look,
although
upon
closer
scrutiny
it
will
lack
the
fresh,
crisp
look
of a
mint
book.
Book
should
have
no
defects
--
no
discernable
wear
or
rubbing,
no
fading
of
the
spine,
no
dog-eared
page
corners,
no
bumps,
rubs,
sunning
or
foxing
to
the
book.
Spine
may
have
a
couple
of
small
stress
lines
and
may
show
mild
signs
of
handling
upon
close
examination.
A
small
1/4
inch
crease
at
the
corners
is
allowed.
Dustjacket should
be
almost
"like
new"
with
no
tears,
chips
or
fading,
and
only
very
minor
signs
of
use,
no
discernable
wear
or
rubbing.
|
Fine
(8) (FN) |
A
very
attractive
copy
that
shows
minimal
wear.
Book
is
clean
with
minimal
defects.
Binding
and
hinges
are
tight.
Corners
are
sharp.
Pages
are
clean
and
free
of
any
writing
or
bookplates,
toning
should
be
minimal.
Dustjacket
should
be
nearly
crisp.
There
should
be
NO
edge
chips.
If
present,
closed
tears
should
be
under
1/8".
There
should
not
be
any
trace
of
fading
or
sunning
to
the
book
or
dustjacket
spine.
|
Near
Fine (7)
(NF) |
A
nice,
collectible
copy
that
shows
mild
wear.
Book
is
very
nice
with
very
minor
defects.
Binding
and
hinges
are
strong.
Corners
and
edges
may
show
only
mild
edge
rubbing.
Pages
are
nice,
perhaps
some
writing
in
pencil,
toning
should
be
creamy
white
to
mild
yellowing.
Dustjacket
should
be
fairly
crisp.
There
should
be
minimal
edge
chips
(<
1/8")
NOT
affecting
lettering.
If
present,
closed
tears
should
be
under
1/4".
|
Very
Good
Plus (6)
(VG+) |
A
nice,
collectible
copy
that
shows
light
wear.
Book
is
very
nice
with
minor
defects.
Binding
and
hinges
are
firm.
Corners
and
edges
may
show
some
rubbing.
Any
soiling
must
be
minimal.
Pages
are
nice
and
supple
with
no
brittleness,
some
writing
in
pencil
or a
nice
bookplate,
toning
should
be
creamy
white
to
somewhat
yellowed.
Dustjacket
should
be
attractive.
There
should
be
only
minor
edge
chips
(<
1/4")
NOT
affecting
lettering.
Closed
tears
should
be
under
1/2".
Flap
fold
may
show
some
minor
friction.
|
Very
Good (5)
(VG) |
A
good
collectible
copy
that
shows
moderate
wear.
Book
will
show
small
defects
such
as
minor
darkening
or
fading
to
book
spine,
or
minor
creasing
and
soiling. Bookplate
or
inscription
should
be
discrete.
Corners
and
edges
will
show
some
rubbing
or
bumping.
Pages
and
interior
covers
may
be
yellowed
to
lightly
tanned,
but
should
be
fairly
supple
with,
at
most,
minor
brittleness.
Dustjacket
should
be
nice.
There
will
be
some
edge
chips
(<
1/2")
which
may
affect
lettering.
Closed
tears
should
be
under
1".
Flap
fold
may
have
wear
or
closed
tears.
|
Very
Good
Minus (4)
(VG-) |
An
acceptable
copy
that
shows
wear.
Book
will
show
some
defects.
Binding
is
fully
intact
with
edge
rubbing.
Corners
and
edges
may
be
bumped
and
rubbed.
Hinges
may
be
tender.
Pages
are
good,
writing
or
an
old
bookplate,
toning
may
range
from
yellowed
to
browned,
paper
may
be
starting
to
brittle.
Dustjacket
should
be
presentable.
There
will
be
edge
or
corner
chips
(<
1")
which
may
affecting
lettering
or
design,
and
some
long
closed
tears
(<
2").
|
Good (3)
(G) |
A
somewhat
collectible
copy
depending
on
rarity.
Book
will
show
noticeable
defects.
The
hinges
may
be
weak.
The
spine
and
pages
may
not
be
tightly
attached,
and
there
may
be
some
damp
stains
or
soiling;
spine
extremities
can
show
minor
chipping,
corners
can
all
be
bumped.
Perhaps
a
dedication
inscription
of
previous
owner's
inscription
and/or
stamp.
Dustjacket
will
often
have
edge
and
corner
chips
that
remove
parts
of
title
or
image.
There
will
be
long
closed
tears
or
even
open
tears.
The
spine
will
often
be
faded
or
darkened.
s
Good
Plus
(G+)
and
Good
Minus
(G-)
can
be
used
to
indicate
slightly
better
or
worse
conditions
respectively.
A
book
in
Good
condition
shows
average
use
and
wear,
but
not
in
need
of a
replacement
binding,
not
all
tattered
&
torn,
not
with
significant
damp
stains.
|
Fair (2)
(FR) |
Not
really
a
collectible
copy,
usually
just
a
reading
copy.
Book
will
have
significant
defects
including
perhaps
hinge
or
page
splits. There
may
be
heavy
dampstaining,
excessive
stains
or
foxing
in
the
text,
a
very
tattered
cloth
or
very
scuffed
and
rubbed
leather
binding
with
additional
problems
such
as
underlining
in
the
text,
lacking
endpapers,
both
hinges
cracked,
heavy
dog-earring
of
page
corners
— in
general
only
a
step
above
a
reading
copy
and
not
a
desirable
copy
unless
you
value
content
much
more
than
condition
Dustjacket
will
have
significant
chips
and
tears.
The
color
of
the
binding
and
dustjacket
will
often
be
faded.
A
book
in
Fair
condition
shows
much
use
and
wear
and
multiple
problems
and/or
defects
and
unless
the
book
is
very
scarce
or
rare
probably
should
not
be
added
to
your
collection.
|
Poor (1)
(PR) |
Not
a
collectible
copy.
Book
will
have
major
flaws
often
including
page
tears,
separated
binding
and
other
detractions. Book
will
usually
look
tattered
and
heavily
worn,
and
may
be
partially
disbound.
Dustjacket
(if
present)
will
have
large
chips
and/or
missing
parts.
|
|